Evidence supporting the use of: Lithospermum erythrorhizon
For the health condition: Fungal Infections

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lithospermum erythrorhizon, also known as purple gromwell or "Zi Cao" in traditional Chinese medicine, has a documented history of use for various skin conditions, including infections. Scientific investigations have identified shikonin and its derivatives—naphthoquinone compounds extracted from the root—as the primary bioactive constituents. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that shikonin exhibits antifungal activity against a range of pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans and dermatophytes such as Trichophyton species. The proposed mechanisms include disruption of fungal cell membranes and inhibition of fungal proliferation.

However, while these laboratory studies provide a plausible rationale for antifungal effects, there is a significant gap in clinical evidence. Few, if any, well-designed human trials have evaluated the efficacy or safety of L. erythrorhizon or its extracts for the treatment of fungal infections. Most of the available data are preclinical, and the translation of these findings to clinical use remains uncertain. Therefore, while scientific studies justify some support for its antifungal properties, the overall evidence is limited and does not reach a high level of clinical validation.

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