Sesquiterpenes are a diverse class of naturally occurring terpenoids found in many plants and essential oils, such as those from Artemisia, ginger, and patchouli. Several sesquiterpenes—including compounds like β-caryophyllene, farnesol, and artemisinin—have demonstrated antifungal activity in laboratory settings. In vitro studies show that sesquiterpenes can inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus species, and dermatophytes. The mechanisms proposed for these effects include disruption of fungal cell membranes, inhibition of biofilm formation, and interference with ergosterol synthesis (a key component of fungal cell membranes).

However, the bulk of this evidence comes from preclinical research, including cell culture and animal studies. There are few, if any, rigorous human clinical trials evaluating isolated sesquiterpenes for the treatment of fungal infections. Essential oils containing sesquiterpenes are sometimes used in traditional medicine, but direct clinical application of isolated sesquiterpenes remains experimental. Therefore, while there is scientific evidence suggesting antifungal potential, it is largely preliminary and not yet sufficient for clinical recommendations.

In summary, sesquiterpenes have demonstrated antifungal properties in laboratory studies, but clinical efficacy and safety in humans are not well established. More high-quality clinical research is needed to validate their use for fungal infections.