Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Kavalactones are the active compounds found in the root of the kava plant (Piper methysticum). They have been traditionally used in the South Pacific for their calming and anxiolytic effects. Modern scientific research has investigated kavalactones for their potential to modulate the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system (CNS). Several studies suggest that kavalactones can enhance GABAergic activity, leading to anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant effects. The mechanism is believed to involve modulation of GABA_A receptors, although kavalactones do not bind at the same site as benzodiazepines and do not act as direct agonists. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that standardized kava extracts may reduce symptoms of anxiety better than placebo, with efficacy comparable to some pharmaceutical anxiolytics, though concerns exist about potential hepatotoxicity with prolonged use. Overall, there is moderate scientific evidence (rated 3/5) supporting the use of kavalactones for supporting the GABA system, particularly for anxiety reduction. However, the quality of evidence is limited by study size, variability in extract quality, and safety concerns, so more rigorous research is needed.

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