Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) has a long history of traditional use for calming and relaxation, but in recent decades, scientific research has begun to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action, including its effects on the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays a key role in reducing neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation.

Several preclinical studies suggest that lavender oil and its main constituents, such as linalool and linalyl acetate, may modulate GABAergic neurotransmission. For example, animal studies have shown that lavender oil can increase GABAergic activity and produce anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects. In vitro research indicates that these compounds may interact with GABA_A receptors in the brain, enhancing their inhibitory effects.

Clinical evidence, while more limited, includes randomized controlled trials showing that oral lavender oil preparations (such as Silexan) can reduce symptoms of anxiety and improve sleep quality in humans, outcomes thought to involve GABAergic modulation. However, the exact mechanism in humans is still under investigation, and some studies have methodological limitations.

In summary, there is moderate scientific evidence supporting the use of lavender to influence the GABA system, particularly for anxiety and relaxation, but further research is needed to fully clarify its mechanisms and efficacy.