Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Valerenic acid is a principal active constituent of the herb Valeriana officinalis (valerian). It has been investigated for its effects on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system. Scientific studies, primarily in vitro and in animal models, have shown that valerenic acid can modulate GABA_A receptors, potentially acting as a positive allosteric modulator, which may enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA. This is believed to underlie valerian's traditional use as a mild sedative and anxiolytic. However, while these mechanistic studies exist, robust clinical trials in humans are limited, and the evidence for its efficacy in supporting the GABA system or improving symptoms such as anxiety or insomnia is mixed or inconclusive. Some clinical studies of valerian extracts (which contain valerenic acid) suggest mild benefits for sleep quality, but results are inconsistent, and methodological quality varies. The specific contribution of valerenic acid derivatives as isolated compounds, rather than as part of whole valerian extracts, is also not well characterized in human studies. Therefore, there is preliminary scientific rationale and some supporting data, but evidence is insufficient for strong clinical recommendations.

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