Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a traditional herbal remedy commonly used for its sedative and anxiolytic effects. Scientific interest in valerian centers on its potential to modulate the GABAergic system in the brain, as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in sleep regulation and anxiety reduction. Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that valerian extracts can inhibit the breakdown of GABA or interact with GABA_A receptors, potentially leading to increased GABAergic activity. Human clinical trials have produced mixed results. Some studies report modest improvements in sleep quality and latency, while others find little difference compared to placebo. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that valerian may have a mild benefit for sleep, though the evidence is not robust due to methodological limitations and heterogeneity among studies. There is less direct evidence for valerian's effects on anxiety, but its mechanism of action is believed to be similar—through modulation of GABA signaling. Overall, valerian's use to support the GABA system is justified by both traditional use and a moderate level of scientific evidence, though more rigorous and standardized clinical trials are needed to fully validate its efficacy.

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