Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has some scientific rationale for use in gastritis, primarily due to its antioxidant and mucolytic properties. Gastritis, which is inflammation of the stomach lining, can be exacerbated by oxidative stress and the disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier. NAC is a precursor to glutathione, a critical intracellular antioxidant, and it can directly scavenge free radicals, potentially reducing oxidative damage in the gastric mucosa.

There is some preclinical and limited clinical evidence that supports NAC's use for gastric mucosal protection. For example, a few animal studies have shown that NAC can reduce the severity of gastric mucosal injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or alcohol. In addition, NAC has been studied as an adjunct treatment in Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens, aiming to disrupt bacterial biofilms and enhance antibiotic efficacy, although the primary focus here is on improving infection clearance rather than directly treating gastritis.

However, high-quality clinical trials specifically evaluating NAC for symptomatic relief or healing in gastritis are lacking. Most evidence is either indirect (from models of gastric injury) or focused on its role in H. pylori treatment protocols. Thus, while there is some scientific basis for its use, the level of evidence is low (rated 2/5), and further research is needed before NAC can be widely recommended for gastritis outside of experimental or adjunctive contexts.

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