Bee propolis has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating gingivitis, and there is a growing body of scientific literature evaluating its efficacy. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used in the hive for its antimicrobial properties. In the context of gingivitis, several in vitro and clinical studies have demonstrated that propolis possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties relevant to oral health. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, which are implicated in periodontal disease and dental caries.

Randomized controlled trials and clinical studies have explored the effects of propolis-containing mouthwashes, gels, or toothpastes compared to standard oral care or placebos. These studies often report reduced gingival inflammation, decreased bleeding on probing, and lower plaque indices in the propolis groups. For example, a 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology concluded that propolis could be a beneficial adjunct in the management of gingivitis. However, the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, variations in propolis formulations, and short study durations.

In summary, while there is promising scientific evidence supporting the use of bee propolis in managing gingivitis, more robust, large-scale, and standardized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Thus, the evidence rating is moderate (3 out of 5).