Probiotics have been investigated for their role in supporting oral health, including the management of gingivitis. Several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews suggest that certain probiotic strains, when administered as lozenges, tablets, or mouth rinses, may help reduce gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. The proposed mechanisms include modulation of the oral microbiome, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, and modulation of the host immune response.

Meta-analyses (such as Gruner et al., 2016, and Keceli et al., 2022) report modest but statistically significant improvements in gingival indices and reduced bleeding on probing in participants using probiotics compared to placebo. Most evidence centers on strains like Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus salivarius. However, the quality of evidence is generally moderate, with limitations such as short study durations, small sample sizes, and heterogeneity in probiotic strains and delivery methods. There is still no consensus on optimal probiotic types, dosages, or treatment duration.

In summary, while scientific evidence suggests potential benefits of probiotics in managing gingivitis, the effect size is modest and protocols are not standardized. Probiotics should be considered an adjunct, not a replacement, for established oral hygiene practices. More large-scale, long-term studies are needed to confirm efficacy and define best practices.