Bupleurum, particularly Bupleurum chinense, is a traditional herbal remedy widely used in Chinese medicine. Its historical use includes supporting the liver, relieving fever, and treating various inflammatory conditions, including those that may involve swollen lymph glands. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Bupleurum is commonly included in formulas such as "Xiao Chai Hu Tang" to "harmonize" and "disperse" and is sometimes prescribed for symptoms that could relate to glandular swelling, such as sore throat or lymphadenopathy associated with infections or inflammations. However, the traditional rationale is based on TCM concepts rather than modern anatomical or physiological understanding of the lymphatic system.

Scientific studies on Bupleurum have focused mainly on its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective effects, with some laboratory evidence showing that saikosaponins (its main active compounds) may modulate immune responses and reduce certain markers of inflammation. However, there is a lack of direct, high-quality clinical evidence demonstrating efficacy for swollen lymph glands specifically. Most references to its use for lymphatic conditions are anecdotal or based on historical practice rather than rigorous scientific validation.

In summary, the use of Bupleurum for swollen lymph glands is primarily justified by traditional use, with some biological plausibility but limited direct scientific support. The evidence rating is moderate for traditional rationale but low for modern clinical validation.