Smilax species (commonly known as sarsaparilla) have a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Central and South America, as well as parts of Asia and Africa. Traditional healers have employed Smilax roots and rhizomes for the treatment of various sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, due to their perceived "blood purifying" and antimicrobial properties. Ethnobotanical records from indigenous communities note the use of Smilax decoctions or infusions to alleviate symptoms related to gonorrhea and other genitourinary infections. These uses are largely based on empirical observation and cultural transmission rather than controlled scientific studies.

In terms of scientific evidence, there are phytochemical studies showing that Smilax contains steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds with in vitro antimicrobial properties. However, direct clinical evidence demonstrating the efficacy of Smilax specifically for treating gonorrhea in humans is lacking. No rigorous human trials have validated its use for this condition, and any antimicrobial effects observed in laboratory settings have not been confirmed in clinical practice.

Therefore, while Smilax is traditionally used for treating gonorrhea, this use is not strongly supported by modern scientific research. Its application remains rooted in traditional medicine and should not replace evidence-based treatments for gonorrhea, such as antibiotics recommended by medical guidelines.