Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Betel (Piper betle) has a long history of traditional use, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, for supporting oral health, including the gums. Traditionally, betel leaves are chewed, often with areca nut and lime, as part of cultural practices. Historical Ayurvedic and folk medicine texts reference betel leaves as useful for maintaining oral hygiene, freshening breath, and strengthening gums. This traditional practice is supported by the recognition that betel leaves possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which could theoretically benefit gum health by reducing oral bacteria and inflammation. However, it is important to note that much of the traditional use does not distinguish between the effects of betel leaves alone and the combined mixture (with areca nut and other ingredients), which is associated with significant health risks, including oral cancer and gum disease. Scientific studies have identified antimicrobial activity in betel leaf extracts against oral pathogens, but robust clinical trials directly demonstrating efficacy in gum health are limited. Thus, the use of betel for gum support is mainly justified by strong traditional precedent, with some preliminary scientific indications of benefit, but lacking high-quality, direct clinical evidence.

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