Evidence supporting the use of: Flavanones (various)
For the body system: Gums

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavanones are a subclass of flavonoids mainly found in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. Scientific evidence suggests that flavanones, particularly hesperidin and naringenin, have beneficial effects on oral health, including the gums. Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which are relevant to periodontal (gum) health. For example, hesperidin has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce oxidative stress in gum tissues, both of which are implicated in the progression of periodontal disease. Furthermore, some studies have indicated that flavanones can suppress the growth of oral pathogens associated with gum disease, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis.

However, while preclinical data are promising, clinical evidence in humans is still emerging. A few small clinical trials and observational studies suggest that diets rich in flavanones or the use of flavanone-containing mouthwashes may improve markers of gum health, such as reducing gingival bleeding and inflammation. Nonetheless, these studies are limited in scale and quality, and more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish definitive benefits. Overall, the use of flavanones to support gum health is justified based on a combination of mechanistic rationale and preliminary human data, warranting a moderate evidence rating.

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