Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has a long history of traditional use in supporting oral health, including the gums. In traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, licorice is prized for its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Historically, it has been used to treat mouth ulcers, sore throats, and gum inflammation. The root contains compounds such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, and licoricidin, which are believed to contribute to these effects.

Some modern studies provide preliminary support for these traditional uses. In vitro research indicates that licorice root extracts can inhibit the growth of bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. Small clinical trials and pilot studies have shown that mouthwashes or oral products containing licorice extract may reduce dental plaque, gingivitis, and gum bleeding. However, these studies are generally small, of short duration, and sometimes lack rigorous controls.

Overall, licorice root's use for gum health is primarily rooted in traditional herbalism, though there is emerging but limited scientific investigation supporting its efficacy. More robust, well-designed human clinical trials are needed to confirm its benefits for the gums.