Evidence supporting the use of: Omega-3 fatty acids
For the body system: Gums

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Omega-3 fatty acids have some scientific evidence supporting their role in gum (periodontal) health. Several clinical studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may help reduce inflammation in the gums and improve periodontal outcomes. Research has indicated that individuals with higher dietary intake of omega-3s exhibit lower levels of periodontal disease. For example, a 2010 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found an inverse association between dietary omega-3 intake and periodontitis prevalence in US adults. Other randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that adjunctive omega-3 supplementation, especially when combined with standard periodontal treatment, can reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss more than standard treatment alone.

The proposed mechanism is based on the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients are precursors to resolvins and protectins, compounds that help resolve inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a key driver of gum disease, so modulating this response can be beneficial. However, while these findings are promising, the evidence is not yet robust enough for omega-3s to be considered a primary therapy for gum disease, and most dental guidelines focus on mechanical and professional cleaning as first-line interventions. More large-scale, long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm optimal dosing and effectiveness.

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