Evidence supporting the use of: Phenolic acids
For the body system: Gums

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phenolic acids are a class of plant-derived compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Several in vitro and animal studies have investigated the effects of phenolic acids—such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid—on oral health, including gum (periodontal) tissues. These studies suggest phenolic acids can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in gum tissues, and inhibit the growth of oral pathogens implicated in periodontal disease. For example, gallic acid has been shown to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major contributor to gum disease, and suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in gum tissue models. However, while these findings are promising, they are largely preclinical, and robust clinical trials in humans are limited or lacking. Some mouthwashes and dental products include plant extracts rich in phenolic acids for their potential oral health benefits, but the direct effect of isolated phenolic acids on gum health in humans has not been conclusively established. Thus, the use of phenolic acids for supporting the gums is grounded in emerging scientific evidence, but the overall strength of evidence is still modest at this time.

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