Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polyphenols are a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found abundantly in plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. Their use to support gum (periodontal) health is primarily backed by emerging scientific evidence. Polyphenols, particularly those found in green tea (such as epigallocatechin gallate), cranberries, and other plant sources, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. These properties are relevant because periodontal disease is driven by bacterial infection and inflammation of the gums. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that polyphenols can inhibit the growth of pathogenic oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators that contribute to gum disease. Additionally, some small-scale human clinical trials have found that polyphenol-containing mouthwashes or chewing gums may reduce gingival bleeding and plaque accumulation compared to placebo.

However, while the mechanistic and early clinical data are promising, large-scale, long-term randomized controlled trials are limited. Thus, the scientific evidence, though supportive, is not yet robust enough to warrant a maximum score. Polyphenols are not traditionally associated with gum health in herbal medicine systems; their use is a relatively recent development based on scientific research into their bioactive properties.

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