Punicalagins are polyphenolic compounds found predominantly in pomegranate (Punica granatum). There is growing scientific evidence supporting the use of punicalagins for oral and gum health. Several studies have demonstrated that extracts rich in punicalagins exhibit antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are implicated in dental plaque formation and periodontal disease. In vitro and in vivo studies have observed that pomegranate extracts can reduce plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding on probing.

For instance, clinical trials have shown that mouthwashes containing pomegranate extract (a source of punicalagins) can decrease plaque index and gingival bleeding when compared to placebo. The suggested mechanisms include inhibition of microbial growth, reduction of inflammatory mediators, and antioxidant effects that support tissue repair. However, most human studies use whole pomegranate extracts rather than isolated punicalagins, so while the evidence is promising, it is not entirely specific to the purified compound.

Overall, the use of punicalagins for gum health is primarily supported by scientific evidence, though more high-quality, large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and establish optimal usage. The traditional use of pomegranate for oral health in some cultures also complements the emerging scientific data.