Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cayenne pepper, which contains the active compound capsaicin, has been used both traditionally and in modern medicine for headache relief, particularly in the form of topical treatments for certain types of headaches. Scientifically, capsaicin works by depleting substance P, a neuropeptide associated with pain transmission in the nervous system. The most notable research relates to the use of intranasal capsaicin preparations in the treatment of cluster headaches and some forms of migraine. Several small clinical trials have demonstrated that applying capsaicin cream or gel inside the nostril on the same side as the headache can reduce pain intensity and attack frequency in some patients, particularly for cluster headaches. However, the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, varying formulations, and short study durations. There is less direct evidence for oral cayenne pepper (as a spice or supplement) in headache management, and most of the benefit appears to be from topical or intranasal use. In summary, there is modest scientific validation for the use of capsaicin (from cayenne pepper) in topical or intranasal form for certain headaches, particularly cluster headaches. The overall quality and quantity of evidence is limited, so the strength of recommendation is low (rated 2 out of 5). More large-scale, rigorous studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.

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