Evidence supporting the use of: Acetylsalicylic acid
For the health condition: Headache (tension)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, is scientifically validated for use in treating tension headaches. Numerous clinical studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated that aspirin is effective in reducing the intensity and duration of tension-type headaches in adults. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which leads to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins—compounds involved in the mediation of pain and inflammation. By lowering prostaglandin production, aspirin reduces the sensitization of pain receptors, thereby providing analgesic effects.

Guidelines from reputable organizations, such as the American Headache Society and the European Federation of Neurological Societies, recommend simple analgesics like aspirin as a first-line treatment option for acute tension-type headaches. Randomized controlled trials have shown that a single dose (typically 500 to 1000 mg) of aspirin provides significant headache relief compared to placebo, with efficacy similar to that of other over-the-counter analgesics such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Aspirin’s effectiveness, wide availability, and well-characterized safety profile (when used appropriately) have cemented its role in the acute management of tension headaches. However, it should be used cautiously in individuals with contraindications such as peptic ulcer disease or aspirin allergy. Overall, the evidence base supporting acetylsalicylic acid for tension headache is strong and well-established.

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