Evidence supporting the use of: Omega-3 fatty acids
For the body system: Heart

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have substantial scientific evidence supporting their use for cardiovascular (heart) health. Multiple large-scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that higher intakes of omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risks of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, and fatal arrhythmias. For example, the GISSI-Prevenzione trial demonstrated that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduced overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients following a recent myocardial infarction. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have generally found modest but significant benefits for reducing triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and the risk of major cardiovascular events, although the magnitude of effect can vary depending on population and baseline risk.

The American Heart Association recommends eating fatty fish (a main source of omega-3s) at least twice a week for heart health, and some guidelines suggest omega-3 supplementation for individuals with elevated triglycerides. The underlying mechanisms are thought to include anti-inflammatory effects, stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, reduction in blood clotting, and favorable effects on lipid profiles. Despite some variability in results from recent trials, the weight of evidence supports a role for omega-3 fatty acids in supporting cardiovascular health, especially in specific populations such as those with high triglycerides or at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

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