Evidence supporting the use of: Foxglove
For the health condition: Heart (weakness)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) has a well-established scientific basis for its use in treating certain heart conditions, particularly heart failure and arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. The leaves of the foxglove plant contain cardiac glycosides, most notably digoxin and digitoxin. These compounds increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction and are classified as positive inotropes. Their pharmacological action is due to inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium in heart muscle cells, which enhances contractility and cardiac output.

The medical use of foxglove dates back to the late 18th century, when English physician William Withering documented its effectiveness in treating "dropsy" (now known as edema, often caused by congestive heart failure). Since then, purified extracts and synthetic analogs of its active ingredients have become mainstays in the management of chronic heart failure and certain supraventricular arrhythmias. Numerous clinical trials and decades of clinical experience support its efficacy and established therapeutic window. However, digitalis drugs have a narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, so their use requires careful medical supervision.

In summary, foxglove's use for heart weakness is strongly validated by both historical tradition and rigorous scientific study, making it one of the most significant examples where a traditional herbal remedy led directly to the development of a modern pharmaceutical agent.

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