Bupleurum, particularly the root of Bupleurum chinense or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for supporting liver (“hepatic system”) health. In TCM, it is a key component of classical formulas such as Xiao Chai Hu Tang (“Minor Bupleurum Decoction”), which are used for conditions believed to involve liver dysfunction, such as “liver qi stagnation” and to harmonize the liver and spleen. Traditional uses include supporting detoxification, relieving “liver fire,” and aiding in the treatment of hepatitis symptoms, though these concepts are rooted in TCM philosophy rather than modern biomedicine.

Scientific evidence for Bupleurum's effects on the hepatic system is limited but growing. Preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have shown that Bupleurum’s saikosaponins may have hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, and some research suggests protective actions against chemically-induced liver injury. However, robust, high-quality human clinical trials are scarce. Therefore, while there is promising laboratory data, the primary justification for its use remains traditional. The rating of 3 reflects strong traditional support and some preliminary scientific findings, but insufficient clinical validation to warrant a higher score.