Evidence supporting the use of: Cysteine compounds (unspecified)
For the health condition: Hepatitis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cysteine compounds, especially N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have scientific support for use in certain types of hepatitis, particularly acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen toxicity and, to a lesser extent, in non-acetaminophen-induced acute hepatitis. NAC acts as a precursor for glutathione, a critical antioxidant in the liver, and helps detoxify reactive metabolites that can cause liver injury. Its most established use is for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, where randomized controlled trials and decades of clinical experience have shown that NAC administration can prevent or reduce the severity of hepatic damage and improve survival. Beyond this, some studies have investigated NAC in non-acetaminophen acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis (such as hepatitis B or C), but the evidence is less robust. A few clinical trials and case series suggest potential benefits in improving liver function and reducing oxidative stress, but results are mixed and not definitive. Major hepatology guidelines recommend NAC for acute liver failure, especially with acetaminophen toxicity, but its use in other forms of hepatitis remains investigational. Other cysteine compounds, such as L-cysteine, are less studied, and their clinical role in hepatitis is not clearly established. In summary, scientific evidence strongly supports NAC for specific acute liver conditions, but broader use for hepatitis is still under investigation.

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