Peony, particularly the root of Paeonia lactiflora (commonly known as white peony), has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations for centuries, often as a component in herbal blends intended to support liver health, including conditions like hepatitis. The rationale for its use in TCM is based on the concept of "clearing heat," "nourishing the blood," and "dispersing stagnation," which are believed to be relevant in cases of liver inflammation and dysfunction. Peony root is frequently included in herbal formulas such as Xiaoyao San and Shugan Hewei Wan, both of which have been historically prescribed for symptoms associated with liver disorders.

However, scientific evidence directly supporting the efficacy of peony in treating hepatitis is limited and generally of low quality. A few experimental studies have indicated that certain components of peony, such as paeoniflorin, may exhibit anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in animal models of liver injury, but these have not been robustly replicated in human clinical trials. The traditional use is thus based primarily on longstanding empirical observation and theoretical frameworks within TCM, rather than modern clinical validation.

In summary, while peony is traditionally used in herbal medicine systems for hepatitis and liver health, the evidence from modern scientific research remains sparse. Those interested in using peony for hepatitis should consult with qualified healthcare providers and consider it as a complementary approach rather than a primary treatment.