Thymic peptides, such as thymosin alpha-1, are biologically active molecules derived from the thymus gland. Their use in supporting or treating hepatitis, particularly chronic viral hepatitis (e.g., hepatitis B and C), is based on their immunomodulatory properties. Several clinical studies and trials, particularly in China and Italy, have evaluated thymosin alpha-1 as an adjunct therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C. These studies suggest that thymic peptides may enhance immune response against hepatitis viruses, leading to improved virological and biochemical outcomes when used alongside standard antiviral therapies.

However, the overall quality of evidence is moderate at best. While some randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate potential benefits, such as improved liver enzyme levels and increased rates of viral clearance, other studies do not show significant advantages over standard treatments alone. The World Health Organization and major hepatology guidelines do not currently recommend thymic peptides as a first-line or standalone therapy for hepatitis due to insufficient conclusive evidence.

In summary, there is scientific investigation into the use of thymic peptides for hepatitis, with some promising but not definitive results. More large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and clarify their role in treatment protocols.