Animal tissue, specifically in the form of biological mesh derived from sources such as porcine (pig) or bovine (cow) tissues, is used in the surgical repair of hernias. This practice is scientifically validated. Biological meshes are used as alternatives to synthetic meshes for reinforcing the weakened abdominal wall or closing defects in hernia repairs. These animal-derived meshes are processed to remove cellular components, reducing the risk of immune rejection while retaining the extracellular matrix, which promotes tissue integration and healing.

Several studies and systematic reviews have evaluated the safety and efficacy of biological meshes compared to synthetic meshes. Evidence generally supports their use in cases where there is a higher risk of infection or in contaminated surgical fields, as biological meshes are less likely to become infected and may integrate better with host tissues. However, they may be associated with higher costs and, in some cases, increased risk of hernia recurrence compared to synthetic meshes. The U.S. FDA has approved several animal tissue-derived products specifically for hernia repair, further supporting their scientific validity.

In summary, the use of animal tissue in hernia repair is well-established in modern surgical practice, with scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness, particularly in complex or high-risk cases.