Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Calcium has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating hypertension (high blood pressure). Several epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that adequate calcium intake may have a modest beneficial effect on blood pressure, particularly in populations with low baseline calcium consumption. The proposed mechanism involves calcium's role in vascular smooth muscle function: calcium helps regulate vascular tone, and low calcium intake may stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone and renin, both of which can increase blood pressure. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate that calcium supplementation can result in small reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially in individuals with hypertension or those who are calcium-deficient. A 2015 Cochrane review found that calcium supplementation led to a mean reduction in systolic blood pressure by about 2-4 mmHg and diastolic by 1-2 mmHg compared to placebo. However, these effects are generally modest and may not be clinically significant for all patients. Calcium supplementation is not considered a first-line treatment for hypertension but may be recommended as part of a balanced diet, such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which emphasizes adequate calcium intake from dietary sources. Overall, there is moderate scientific support for the adjunctive use of calcium in managing hypertension, especially in those with low dietary calcium, but it should not replace standard antihypertensive therapies.

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