Evidence supporting the use of: Kelp
For the health condition: Hypothyroid

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Kelp is a type of seaweed that is naturally rich in iodine, an essential mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, can be caused by an insufficient intake of iodine, leading to inadequate production of these hormones. Historically, the use of iodine-rich foods like kelp to treat goiter and thyroid dysfunction dates back to the 19th century, when iodine deficiency was first linked to thyroid problems. This traditional use evolved into scientific validation as the role of iodine in thyroid hormone production became well understood.

Modern scientific consensus recognizes iodine supplementation as a legitimate intervention for hypothyroidism only in cases where the condition is due to iodine deficiency. In these situations, kelp can be an effective dietary source. However, in many developed countries, iodine deficiency is rare due to iodized salt and other dietary measures. For people with hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) or other non-iodine deficiency causes, excess iodine intake from kelp can be harmful and may worsen thyroid dysfunction.

The evidence supporting kelp’s use in iodine-deficient hypothyroidism is strong, but for other forms of hypothyroidism, there is little evidence of benefit and a risk of adverse effects. Therefore, while kelp has a scientific basis for use in a specific subset of hypothyroid patients, its routine use is not broadly justified. Clinical guidelines recommend careful assessment of iodine status before supplementation.

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