Evidence supporting the use of: Purified silver
For the health condition: Infection

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Silver has a long history of use as an antimicrobial agent, dating back to ancient civilizations where it was used to preserve food and water. In modern medicine, purified silver—primarily in the form of silver sulfadiazine cream and silver-impregnated dressings—is used to treat and prevent infections, especially in burn wounds and chronic ulcers. The mechanism of action is thought to involve the release of silver ions, which can disrupt bacterial cell membranes, interfere with DNA replication, and inactivate vital enzymes in microbes. Numerous in vitro studies demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. However, clinical evidence supporting the routine use of purified silver for systemic infection is limited. Its most robust benefit is topical: silver-containing products reduce infection rates in burns and chronic wounds, as supported by randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. Nevertheless, concerns about cytotoxicity to human cells, potential for delayed wound healing, and the emergence of silver-resistant bacteria temper enthusiasm for widespread use. Oral or intravenous administration of silver (such as colloidal silver supplements) is not supported by clinical evidence and can have serious side effects, including argyria (irreversible skin discoloration). Therefore, while there is scientific validation for specific topical uses, the overall strength of evidence for infection treatment is moderate and context-dependent.

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