There is some scientific basis for the use of nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA in the support or treatment of infections, but the evidence is limited and not mainstream. In medicine, synthetic oligonucleotides (short DNA or RNA molecules) are used in specific antiviral therapies (e.g., antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference) to target viral genetic material, thus inhibiting replication of certain viruses. For example, antisense therapies have been developed against cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus, and RNA-based vaccines (such as mRNA COVID-19 vaccines) represent a major scientific advance in infectious disease prevention. However, the oral or supplemental use of generic "RNA & DNA" as ingredients for infection support (as seen in some dietary supplements) is much less supported by evidence. Most nucleic acids ingested orally are degraded in the digestive tract and are unlikely to reach systemic circulation intact.

There is some older literature, particularly from the mid-20th century, describing the use of so-called "nucleic acid therapy" to stimulate immune function, but these approaches have not been substantiated in rigorous clinical trials. Overall, the use of RNA and DNA in advanced pharmaceutical formats (e.g., vaccines, gene therapies, tailored antivirals) is scientifically justified, but the use of generic nucleic acids as dietary supplements for infection lacks strong evidence. Therefore, the evidence rating is 2/5, acknowledging the promise of specific nucleic acid-based technologies while recognizing the lack of support for general supplementation.