Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol widely used as a sugar substitute, but it also has documented antibacterial properties, particularly in the context of oral health and upper respiratory tract infections. Several scientific studies have shown that xylitol can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, most notably Streptococcus mutans, which is a major contributor to dental caries (cavities). Xylitol works by being taken up by bacteria in place of glucose, but it cannot be metabolized efficiently, thereby disrupting their energy production and inhibiting their growth and acid production.

Beyond dental health, xylitol has also been investigated for its role in preventing bacterial infections in the ear, nose, and throat. Clinical trials have demonstrated that regular use of xylitol-containing chewing gum or nasal sprays can reduce the incidence of acute otitis media (middle ear infection) in children, likely by impeding the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to mucosal surfaces.

While the evidence supporting xylitol’s use in oral and upper respiratory tract infections is promising, it is more limited for other types of bacterial infections. Most studies focus on prevention rather than treatment, and the effectiveness in established infections is less clear. Thus, xylitol’s use is scientifically validated primarily for the prevention of specific bacterial infections, particularly in dental and pediatric ENT contexts, but not as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.

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