Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) root has been traditionally used in East Asian medicine, but in recent years, scientific interest has focused on its bioactive compounds, particularly resveratrol and emodin. Multiple in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that extracts and key constituents of cuspidatum root possess antiviral activity against a spectrum of viruses, including influenza, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B virus, and even coronaviruses. The mechanisms of action are varied, including inhibition of viral replication, modulation of host cell signaling pathways, and immunomodulatory effects. For example, resveratrol has been shown to inhibit viral gene expression and replication in influenza and herpes viruses. Emodin has demonstrated inhibitory effects on the interaction between coronavirus spike protein and the ACE2 receptor in preliminary studies.

While these results are promising, the majority of research remains preclinical, with limited human clinical trials available to confirm efficacy and safety for treating viral infections. Traditional use in herbal medicine for “heat toxins” and infection does exist, but the modern justification is primarily based on scientific findings. Therefore, while there is a reasonable foundation of laboratory evidence (rating: 3 out of 5), more rigorous human studies are needed before cuspidatum root can be recommended as a mainstream antiviral therapy. Nonetheless, its antiviral potential is increasingly recognized in integrative and complementary medicine circles.

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