Evidence supporting the use of: Echinacea (unspecified)
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Echinacea, particularly Echinacea purpurea, has a long history of traditional use by Native American groups for treating infections and respiratory illnesses. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Echinacea became popular in the United States and Europe as an herbal remedy for infections, including those of viral origin such as colds and influenza. The traditional rationale is based on Echinacea's purported ability to stimulate the immune system and help the body ward off illness.

Scientific investigations have produced mixed results. Some small clinical trials and laboratory studies suggest that certain Echinacea extracts may have modest immunomodulatory effects and could reduce the duration or severity of upper respiratory tract infections, which are commonly viral. However, larger and more rigorous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have generally found little or no statistically significant benefit for the prevention or treatment of viral infections like the common cold. The variability in product composition, species, preparation methods, and dosing complicates interpretation of results.

Overall, the primary justification for use is traditional. While there is some preliminary scientific evidence, it is inconsistent and not robust enough to be considered a validated treatment for viral infections. Health authorities generally do not recommend Echinacea as a proven therapy for viral infections. The evidence rating reflects modest traditional support and limited, inconclusive scientific findings.

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