Evidence supporting the use of: Elderberry (unspecified)
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) has a long history of traditional use for treating infections, particularly viral infections such as the common cold and influenza. In recent years, scientific interest has grown regarding its antiviral properties. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that elderberry extracts can inhibit the replication of various viruses, including influenza A and B viruses, by blocking viral entry into cells or by stimulating cytokine production. A few clinical trials, though limited in size and scope, provide some evidence that elderberry preparations may reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms. For example, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in 2004 found that elderberry extract reduced the duration of influenza symptoms by about four days compared to placebo. However, the overall number of high-quality, large-scale human studies remains small, and results are mixed regarding effectiveness against different respiratory viruses. While elderberry appears generally safe for short-term use, more rigorous research is needed to definitively establish its efficacy and optimal dosing for viral infections. Thus, while there is both traditional use and a moderate level of scientific validation, the evidence base is not yet robust enough to warrant unequivocal clinical recommendations.

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