Evidence supporting the use of: European Elder
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

European Elder (Sambucus nigra) has been traditionally used in European folk medicine for managing colds and flu-like symptoms. In recent decades, several scientific studies have investigated its antiviral properties, especially elderberry extracts and syrups. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that elderberry compounds can inhibit the replication of certain viruses, including influenza A and B, and may block viral entry into cells. Clinical trials, though small and sometimes methodologically limited, have shown that elderberry supplementation can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms in influenza and other viral respiratory infections compared to placebo. For example, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in 2004 found that elderberry extract significantly shortened the duration of flu symptoms in adults. However, the number of high-quality clinical studies remains limited, and most research has focused on influenza rather than a broad range of viral infections. Meta-analyses suggest a moderate benefit, but also highlight the need for larger, well-designed trials to confirm efficacy and safety. Overall, while traditional use is strong and scientific validation is emerging, the evidence is currently best described as moderate (3/5) for supporting the use of European Elder against viral infections.

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