Evidence supporting the use of: Interferon gamma
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response, particularly against intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria. Its use in the treatment or support of viral infections is supported by some scientific evidence, but it is not broadly indicated for all viral infections. IFN-γ is approved for specific conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis, where it enhances macrophage function and pathogen killing. Studies have demonstrated that IFN-γ can enhance the antiviral activity of immune cells, promote antigen presentation, and help in the clearance of some viral infections. However, clinical trials using IFN-γ for common viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV) have generally shown limited efficacy or unacceptable side effects, and it is not a standard antiviral therapy.

While there is a clear mechanistic rationale for IFN-γ's antiviral effects, its clinical use is restricted due to its pro-inflammatory actions and potential for serious adverse effects. Current guidelines do not recommend IFN-γ as a first-line treatment for most viral infections. Most antiviral therapies rely on direct-acting antiviral agents or other types of interferons (such as IFN-α or IFN-β), which have more substantial evidence and broader approval for viral diseases. Thus, while there is a scientific basis for considering IFN-γ in certain immunodeficiencies with viral susceptibility, its overall evidence for the treatment of viral infections is moderate and condition-specific.

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