Evidence supporting the use of: Lithospermum erythrorhizon
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lithospermum erythrorhizon, commonly known as "Zi Cao" in traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history of use for various ailments, including skin conditions and infectious diseases. The primary bioactive compound, shikonin, and its derivatives have been the focus of modern scientific research due to their notable antiviral properties. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that shikonin possesses inhibitory effects against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and certain influenza strains. The mechanisms proposed include inhibition of viral replication and suppression of viral entry into host cells, as well as modulation of host immune responses. For instance, a study published in Antiviral Research (2014) showed that shikonin inhibited HSV-1 replication in cultured cells. Another study in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2008) demonstrated anti-influenza activity. However, most evidence remains preclinical, and there are few high-quality human clinical trials substantiating its efficacy against viral infections. Nevertheless, the consistency of in vitro findings and the historical use of the plant for infectious conditions support a moderate level of scientific validation. Further clinical research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.

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