Evidence supporting the use of: Probiotic (unspecified)
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. There is emerging scientific evidence suggesting that certain probiotic strains may help modulate the immune system and support the body's defense against some viral infections, particularly in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated the effects of probiotics on the prevention and duration of viral infections, such as the common cold, influenza, and rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.

Results indicate that some probiotic strains (e.g., Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) may reduce the incidence or severity of viral respiratory tract infections and viral diarrhea, possibly by enhancing mucosal immunity or interfering with viral adhesion and replication. However, the effects are generally modest, strain-specific, and not universally observed across all studies or all types of viral infections. The heterogeneity of probiotic formulations, populations studied, and viral pathogens means that overall evidence quality is moderate and not definitive.

Clinical guidelines do not routinely recommend probiotics for the prevention or treatment of viral infections in otherwise healthy individuals, but they may be considered as adjuncts in certain settings, such as pediatric rotavirus diarrhea. More research is needed to clarify which strains, doses, and patient populations may benefit most from probiotic supplementation in the context of viral infections.

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