Evidence supporting the use of: Sambucus nigra
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sambucus nigra (elderberry) is traditionally used in European herbal medicine for respiratory infections, particularly viral infections such as the common cold and influenza. Modern scientific studies have investigated its efficacy, primarily focusing on elderberry extracts and syrups. Several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggest that elderberry may reduce the duration and severity of influenza-like symptoms in adults. For example, a 2004 study published in Journal of International Medical Research found that elderberry extract reduced influenza symptoms by an average of four days compared to placebo. Mechanistic studies indicate that compounds in elderberry, such as flavonoids, may inhibit the replication of certain viruses and enhance immune responses by increasing the production of cytokines. However, while these results are promising, most clinical trials have limitations, including small sample sizes and varying formulations. There is also limited data on its efficacy for viral infections other than influenza. In summary, elderberry's use for viral infection is supported by both historical tradition and moderate scientific evidence, but further large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

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