Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin A (retinyl not specified)
For the health condition: Infection (viral)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin A has a scientific basis for its use in supporting immune function and potentially influencing outcomes in certain viral infections, though the strength of evidence varies by context. Vitamin A is essential for the maintenance of mucosal surfaces and the integrity of epithelial tissues, which serve as the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. It also plays a critical role in the development and function of immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The most robust evidence comes from studies in children with measles, a viral infection for which Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in populations where deficiency is common. The World Health Organization recommends high-dose Vitamin A supplementation for children with measles in areas of deficiency (WHO). There is also some evidence suggesting Vitamin A supplementation may reduce the severity of other viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and certain diarrheal diseases, though findings have been inconsistent.

However, outside of deficient populations or specific viral diseases like measles, evidence is less clear. Routine use of Vitamin A to treat or prevent viral infections in well-nourished individuals is not broadly supported. Excess supplementation can be toxic. In summary, scientific evidence supports the use of Vitamin A as an adjunct in treating some viral infections, particularly in deficient populations and specific diseases like measles, but not as a general antiviral treatment.

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