Copaiba oil, derived from the resin of the Copaifera tree, has long been used in traditional South American medicine for its purported anti-inflammatory properties. Scientific research has begun to explore these claims, with several in vitro and animal studies providing preliminary support for its anti-inflammatory effects. Key constituents of copaiba oil, especially β-caryophyllene, have demonstrated modulation of inflammatory pathways, including inhibition of cytokine production and suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is implicated in inflammation. For example, studies in rodents have shown reduced paw edema and lowered markers of inflammation after copaiba oil administration.

However, clinical evidence in humans is very limited. While the mechanistic data are promising and animal models suggest a potential benefit, robust human trials are lacking. Most available human data are anecdotal or based on small, uncontrolled studies, which limits the ability to draw firm conclusions about efficacy or safety for inflammatory conditions. As such, while there is some scientific basis for the anti-inflammatory use of copaiba oil, the evidence is not strong or comprehensive, justifying a moderate-low rating on the evidence scale.