Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) has been used in traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, for a variety of ailments including respiratory conditions like influenza. In these systems, black pepper is often valued for its supposed ability to "warm" the body, stimulate digestion, and help clear mucus from the respiratory tract. Traditional remedies might combine black pepper with honey, ginger, or turmeric to make concoctions aimed at relieving symptoms of colds and flu, such as cough, congestion, and sore throat. However, the evidence supporting black pepper's effectiveness for influenza is largely anecdotal and rooted in centuries-old practices rather than modern scientific validation.

Scientifically, black pepper contains piperine, a compound known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While some laboratory and animal studies suggest piperine may have immunomodulatory effects, there is currently no direct clinical evidence that black pepper or piperine can prevent, treat, or shorten the duration of influenza in humans. Research into piperine’s antiviral properties is limited, and no studies have established its efficacy specifically against influenza viruses. Overall, the use of black pepper for influenza is primarily justified by tradition rather than scientific validation, and the evidence supporting its use for this condition is weak.

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