Evidence supporting the use of: Elderberry
For the health condition: Influenza

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) has a long history of traditional use in treating colds and influenza-like illnesses. However, in recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in its antiviral properties, particularly regarding influenza. Several laboratory studies have demonstrated that elderberry extracts can inhibit the replication of influenza A and B viruses, likely due to flavonoids and anthocyanins that interfere with viral entry and modulate immune responses.

Clinical research is limited but promising. A notable randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in The Journal of International Medical Research (2004) found that individuals with influenza who took elderberry syrup experienced symptom relief four days earlier on average than those taking a placebo. Additional small-scale studies and meta-analyses suggest elderberry may reduce the duration and severity of influenza symptoms, though these studies often have limited sample sizes and methodological weaknesses.

While elderberry appears to be safe for most people when used as directed, and there is some evidence supporting its use as an adjunct to standard care for influenza, larger and more rigorous trials are needed to confirm efficacy and clarify mechanisms. Thus, the evidence supporting elderberry for influenza is moderate and justifies a rating of 3 out of 5.

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