Evidence supporting the use of: Phenolic diterpenes
For the health condition: Influenza

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phenolic diterpenes, such as carnosic acid and carnosol, are compounds primarily found in plants like rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis). There is some scientific evidence suggesting antiviral activity of these compounds, including effects against influenza viruses. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that extracts rich in phenolic diterpenes can inhibit the replication of influenza A virus, likely by interfering with viral entry or replication processes and by modulating host immune responses. For example, research published in journals such as Phytotherapy Research and Journal of Functional Foods has reported inhibitory effects of rosemary extract and isolated diterpenes on influenza virus propagation in cell cultures.

However, the quality and quantity of evidence is limited. Most studies are preclinical (test tube or animal models), and there is a lack of robust clinical trials in humans specifically addressing the efficacy and safety of phenolic diterpenes for treating or preventing influenza. Traditional use of rosemary and sage for respiratory conditions is documented, but the specific attribution to phenolic diterpenes in this context is recent and mostly driven by scientific inquiry. Therefore, while there is some scientific basis for their potential use, the evidence is not strong enough to support their use as a primary or standalone treatment for influenza.

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