Esterases are a broad class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds. In the context of supporting or treating injuries, certain esterase preparations—most notably proteolytic enzymes like serratiopeptidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin (sometimes referred to as "esterase" or grouped with esterases)—have been used, particularly in some countries, for their purported anti-inflammatory and edema-reducing effects.

Scientific support for the use of esterases in injury treatment is limited and somewhat controversial. Some clinical studies, mainly from India, Japan, and Germany, have suggested that these enzymes may help reduce swelling, pain, and inflammation following trauma or surgery. The proposed mechanism involves breaking down inflammatory mediators and facilitating the resorption of protein-based fluid accumulations (edema, hematoma). However, these studies are often small, not always well-controlled, and results are inconsistent. A 2012 Cochrane review on oral proteolytic enzymes for post-surgical swelling concluded that the evidence was low quality and insufficient to recommend routine use.

Overall, while there is some scientific basis for the use of certain esterases (mainly proteolytic enzymes) in injury management, the evidence is not robust. These enzymes are not widely accepted as standard therapy in most countries, and further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.