Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Betel (Piper betle) leaves have a long-standing use in traditional medicine across South and Southeast Asia, including as an insect repellent. Historically, people have used crushed or fresh betel leaves to rub on the skin or hung them in living spaces to deter insects, especially mosquitoes. The practice is documented in ethnomedical surveys and folk practices, particularly in India, Thailand, and Indonesia. The aromatic oils in betel leaves are believed to have repellent properties, and their strong scent is thought to mask human odors that attract insects.

Scientific studies are limited but suggest some basis for the traditional use. Research has identified compounds such as eugenol, chavicol, and allylpyrocatechol in betel leaf essential oil, which show repellent or insecticidal activity in laboratory settings. For instance, small-scale studies have demonstrated moderate repellency against mosquitoes and some agricultural pests. However, these studies often use concentrated extracts or oils, and the results are not as robust or consistent as those for standard repellents like DEET or citronella. There are currently no major clinical trials or regulatory approvals supporting betel as a mainstream insect repellent.

In summary, the use of betel as an insect repellent is primarily justified by traditional practices, with some promising but limited scientific evidence. The overall strength of evidence is moderate at best, warranting a rating of 2.

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