Polyphenols are a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants, with abundant sources including fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. There is emerging scientific interest in the potential of polyphenols to support sleep and treat insomnia, primarily due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their influence on neurotransmitter systems involved in sleep regulation. Some studies suggest that specific polyphenols, such as those in cherries (notably, tart cherry juice), may help increase melatonin levels and improve sleep duration and quality. For example, small clinical trials have shown that tart cherry juice consumption modestly improves sleep parameters in adults with insomnia, potentially due to its melatonin and polyphenol content.

However, the overall evidence remains preliminary, with most research focusing on specific polyphenol-rich foods rather than polyphenols as a broad category. The mechanisms by which polyphenols might influence sleep are not fully understood, but they may involve modulation of circadian rhythms, reduction of oxidative stress, and effects on GABAergic or serotonergic pathways. At present, there are no large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials establishing polyphenols as a standardized or effective treatment for insomnia, and more research is needed to clarify their role.

In summary, while there is some scientific basis for the use of certain polyphenol-rich foods in supporting sleep, the evidence is limited and does not strongly justify the generalized use of polyphenols for treating insomnia.