Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has a long history of use in traditional medicine for digestive complaints, including symptoms associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) such as bloating, gas, and abdominal discomfort. In recent years, limited scientific research has explored its efficacy for IBS. The main rationale for its use stems from its antispasmodic, carminative (gas-relieving), and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to bioactive compounds like anethole, fenchone, and estragole found in fennel seeds and oil.

Several small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies have evaluated fennel, often in combination with other herbs (such as in enteric-coated capsules with curcumin or peppermint oil), for IBS symptom relief. Some studies suggest that fennel-containing preparations can reduce abdominal pain, bloating, and improve quality of life scores in IBS patients compared to placebo. However, these studies are generally small, of short duration, and frequently combine fennel with other botanicals, making it difficult to isolate the effect of fennel alone.

Overall, while there is some scientific support for fennel’s use in IBS, the evidence is limited and not robust. More large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish its efficacy and safety as a stand-alone treatment. Thus, fennel’s use for IBS is supported by both traditional use and a modest but growing body of scientific evidence.

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