Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactobacillus fermentum is a probiotic bacterium that has been studied for its potential benefits in gastrointestinal health, including the management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The scientific validation for its use in IBS is emerging but remains limited, with the overall quality of evidence being modest.

Several strains of Lactobacillus fermentum have been investigated for their ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance intestinal barrier function, and reduce inflammation, all of which are relevant to IBS pathophysiology. Preclinical studies in animals have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and reduced visceral hypersensitivity with supplementation of L. fermentum strains. Some small-scale clinical trials and pilot studies in humans have suggested that L. fermentum may help alleviate certain IBS symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel movements. For instance, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in 2018 found that a specific strain (L. fermentum CECT5716) improved symptoms in IBS patients compared to placebo.

However, large, well-designed clinical trials are lacking, and not all studies have reported positive results. The heterogeneity in strains, doses, and study populations makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. While L. fermentum is included in some multi-strain probiotic formulations marketed for IBS, the evidence for its efficacy as a stand-alone intervention is insufficient. Therefore, its use in IBS is scientifically plausible but not robustly validated, warranting a moderate evidence rating.

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